LIEUTENANT GENERAL ISAMU CHO (JANUARY 19, 1895 TO JUNE 22, 1945)

            On this date, June 22, 1945, an Imperial Japanese Lieutenant General Isamu Chō, committed seppuku in Okinawa. I will post information about him from Wikipedia and other links.

General Isamu Chō (長 勇 Chō Isamu)

Born	January 19, 1895 Fukuoka prefecture, Japan
Died	June 22, 1945 (aged 50) Okinawa prefecture, Japan
Allegiance	Empire of Japan
Service/branch	Imperial Japanese Army
Years of service	1916 - 1945
Rank	Lieutenant General
Commands held	10th Infantry Division
Battles/wars	Second Sino-Japanese War World War II

Isamu Chō (長 勇 Chō Isamu, 19 January 1895 – 22 June 1945) was an officer in the Imperial Japanese Army known for his support of ultranationalist politics and involvement in a number of attempted military and right-wing coup d'états in pre-World War II Japan.

General Isamu Chō (長 勇 Chō Isamu) [PHOTO SOURCE: http://www.sarantakes.com/Photos.html]

Biography

Chō was a native of Fukuoka prefecture. He graduated from the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1916 and from the Army Staff College in 1928.

After he received his commission, Chō was assigned to his first duty outside Japan with the politicized Kwantung Army based in eastern China. He returned to play a very active role in internal politics within the Japanese army, and was an active or indirect participant in the March Incident and the Imperial Colors Incident (with other leaders: Kingoro Hashimoto, Jirō Minami, Sadao Araki for the military, and nationalists Ikki Kita, Shūmei Ōkawa, Kanichiro Kamei, Kozaburo Tachibana and Mitsuru Toyama). He was a founder of the radical "Sakura Kai" secret society, whose aim was to overthrow the democratic government in favor of a state socialist regime which would stamp out corruption.

At the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chō was commander of the IJA 74th Infantry Regiment of the Shanghai Expeditionary Force, attached to Japanese Central China Area Army, and based in Manchukuo. At the Battle of Nanjing, he was aide-de-camp to Prince Asaka and is thought to have been complicit in ordering the massacre of prisoners of war, but it is disputed whether he obeyed an order from the prince, or whether he acted on his own.

Chō was subsequently involved in a number of border incidents between Manchukuo and the Soviet Union as Chief of Staff of the IJA 26th Division from 1939 to 1940. In 1940, he was transferred briefly to the Taiwan Army of Japan Headquarters, and then became Chief of Staff of the Indochina Expeditionary Army from 1940 to 1941.

Chō was Vice Chief of Staff of Unit 82 within the Military Affairs Bureau, in the Ministry of War in 1941, and participated in the strategic and tactical planning for the Japanese invasion of Southeast Asia. From 1941 to 1942, he accompanied the Southern Army to French Indochina to oversee implementation of Japanese strategy, and served as a liaison officer between the Southern Army and the 14th Army in the Philippines.

From 1942 until 1944, Chō was commander of the IJA 10th Division, a garrison force based in Manchukuo. Promoted to lieutenant general in 1944, he served in the Kwangtung Army Headquarters, and later as commander of the 1st Mobile Brigade.

In 1945, Chō was Chief of Staff of the 32nd Army during the Battle of Okinawa and masterminded the elaborate underground fortifications around Shuri Castle, but favored a highly aggressive response to the American invasion rather than a passive defense. He persuaded General Mitsuru Ushijima to launch the disastrous 5 May 1945 counteroffensive. He committed seppuku alongside Ushijima on 22 June 1945 rather than surrender to the American forces.

Cho was regarded as an quick tempered, offensive, zealous officer who was known to strike subordinates when angry or frustrated.

JAPANESE COMMANDERS on Okinawa (photographed early in February 1945). In center: (1) Admiral Minoru Ota, (2) Lt. Gen. Mitsuru Ushijima, (3) Lt. Gen. Isamu Cho, (4) Col. Hitoshi Kanayama, (5) Col. Kikuji Hongo, and (6) Col. Hiromichi Yahara.

INTERNET SOURCE: http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/C/h/Cho_Isamu.htm

Cho had a reputation for slapping his subordinates and for overindulging in smoking, drinking, and women. He was ruthless in his treatment of the Okinawans, relocating those who could not be evacuated by ship to the wild northern regions of the island and announcing that the Army would seize all food supplies when the enemy landed. "The army's mission ... was to win, and it would not allow itself to be defeated by helping starving civilians" (Drea 2009). His final message included the assertion that "I depart without regret, shame or obligations" (Gilbert 1989).

Service record

1894		Born
1937-8-15	Lieutenant colonel	Chief, 2 Section, Shanghai Expeditionary ForceEdgerton (1997)
1937-10-20		Chief of staff, 10 Army
1938-7-15	Colonel	Commander, 74 Regiment, Manchuria
1939-3-9		Chief of staff, 26 Division
1940-8-1		Taiwan Army Headquarters
1940-9-7		Chief of staff, Indochina Expeditionary Army
1941-6-28		Vice chief of staff, 25 Army
1941-9-26		Military Affairs Bureau, Ministry of War
1941-10-15	Major general	Vice chief of staff, Unit 82
1941-11		Head, Southern Army Special Agency
1942		Southern Army Liaison Officer to 14 Army
1942-7-9		Military Affairs Bureau, Ministry of War
1942-11-10		Commander, Infantry Group, 10 Division
1944-3-1		Kwantung Army Headquarters
1944-3-1		Commander, 1 Mobile Brigade
1944-6-26		General Staff
1944-7-8		Chief of staff, 32 Army
1945-3-1	Lieutenant general
1945-6-21		Commits suicide at Okinawa