On this date, August
19, 1943, it was the last Jewish transport to Treblinka. All of the deportees on
the transport are killed upon arrival.
I will post
information about Treblinka Extermination Camp from Wikipedia and other links.
Treblinka
(pronounced [trɛˈblʲinka]) was an extermination camp, built by Nazi
Germany in occupied Poland during World
War II. It was located near the village of Treblinka north-east of Warsaw in what is
now the Masovian Voivodeship. The camp operated
between 23 July 1942 and 19 October 1943 as part of Operation Reinhard, the
most deadly phase of the Final Solution. During this time, it is estimated that
between 700,000 and 900,000 Jews were killed in its gas chambers, along with
2,000 Romani people. More Jews were killed at Treblinka
than at any other Nazi extermination camp apart from Auschwitz.
Managed
by the German SS and the Eastern European Trawnikis
(also known as Hiwi guards), the camp consisted of two
separate units. Treblinka I was a forced-labour camp (Arbeitslager)
whose prisoners worked in the gravel pit or irrigation area
and in the forest, where they cut wood to fuel the crematoria. Between 1941 and
1944, more than half of its 20,000 inmates died from summary executions,
hunger, disease and mistreatment.
The
second camp, Treblinka II, was an extermination camp (Vernichtungslager).
A small number of men who were not killed immediately upon arrival became its
Jewish slave-labour units called Sonderkommandos,
forced to bury the victims' bodies in mass graves.
These bodies were exhumed in 1943 and cremated on large open-air pyres along with the
bodies of new victims. Gassing operations at Treblinka II ended in October 1943
following a revolt by the Sonderkommandos in early August. Several SS
Hiwi guards were killed and 200 prisoners escaped from the camp; almost a
hundred survived the subsequent chase. The camp was dismantled ahead of the
Soviet advance. A farmhouse for a watchman was built on the site and the ground
ploughed over in an attempt to hide the evidence of genocide.
In
postwar Poland, the government bought most of the land where the camp had
stood, and built a large stone memorial there between 1959 and 1962. In 1964
Treblinka was declared a national monument of Jewish martyrology in a ceremony
at the site of the former gas chambers. In the same year the first German
trials were held regarding war crimes committed at Treblinka by former SS
members. After the end of communism in Poland in
1989 the number of visitors coming to Treblinka from abroad increased. An
exhibition centre at the camp opened in 2006. It was later expanded and made
into a branch of the Siedlce Regional Museum.
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